Physical planning is the system design approach to geometry design of a large part of the city. It is not land allocation planning and accounting like Urban planning. It is not aesthetic arrangement of street furniture like urban design. It is a general arrangement of engineered geometries in an integrated way — an intersection where all engineering objects can be seen and planned for the project area.

It is not architecture in its strictest sense, but detail design follows detail physical planning.

It's the umbrella plan from which multiple DPRs can be executed. The plan contains all the components of a DPR barring detail engineering. The detail engineering is taken up separately and does not form part of a physical plan. The physical planner can oversee the later detail design and engineering process and should continue involvement till the execution of the project.

Cost of iteration at planning stage is much less than at design stage. Value addition of innovation is exponentially higher. Only the physical planning scenarios can help you choose the best fit for the society/public — the best quality of life delivery. Also it's the only professional tool where you can see the impact of chosen measures and geometries on the existing urban planning, adherence to the master plan and other urban planning tools.

In physical planning we consider the user needs and behaviour very closely and basis which we create the geometries of the engineering objects. This gives us first-hand exposure to the problems at hand and hence the most advantageous position for creating innovations for the public good.

Yes mostly, but smart corporates with large footprint needs use these services as well.

Three arm road intersection: SWAP Interchange (our proprietary interchange process) for Cities and Highways. Saves land, no loop or stacked directional interchange needed. Cost effective.

Interchange for Cities and Highways. Saves land, no loop or stacked directional interchange needed. Cost effective. Free flowing traffic.

SWAP Interchange: Four arm, SWAP lanes on two roads only / on secondary traffic roads.

Planning has been done for similar other roads connecting to Bailey Road: